THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CURRENT MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Abstract
Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insufficient insulin production, secretion, or action. This disease affects millions of people worldwide, with its prevalence increasing rapidly due to lifestyle changes and aging populations. The pathogenesis of diabetes involves a complex interplay between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, which result in insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, and subsequent hyperglycemia.
References
LITERATURE:
"Endocrinology: An Integrated Approach" by Stephen Nussey and Saffron Whitehead.
"The Endocrine System: An Integrated Approach" by Michael Hill.
Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus" by Ramzi Ajjan.
Contemporary Endocrinology" edited by Ashley Grossman.