POLYMORPHISM OF THE VITAMIN D RECEPTOR GENE AND THE CYTOKINE GENES IL-6 AND TNF-Α AND THE RISK OF DEVELOPING TYPE 1 DIABETES
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) is a group of biologically active fat-soluble compounds, including more than 50 metabolites, which are formed under the influence of ultraviolet irradiation in the tissues of animals and plants from sterols [14]. From an evolutionary point of view, VD is considered the most ancient hormone currently known. Its extremely important importance for the human body is due to its numerous effects on various organs and tissues through the regulation of about 2000 genes [13]. VD acquires the biological activity of the hormone only after a series of transformations that occur step by step in the liver and kidneys [3,7]. Supplied with food (D2), or synthesized in the skin under the influence of ultraviolet radiation (D3), VD enters the liver. UV-induced synthesis of vitamin D3 in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol is catalyzed by DHCR7 (NADP-dependent 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase). In the liver, under the influence of the enzyme 25hydroxylase of mitochondria (CYP27A1) and microsomes (CYP2R1), VD is converted into its prohormonal forms 25(OH)D3 (calcidiol) and 25(OH)D2 (ergocalcidol). The latter are the main circulating forms of VD, which enter the kidneys through the bloodstream.
References
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